{
  "id": "1611.06015",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2016-11-18T09:23:09.000Z",
  "updated": "2016-11-18T09:23:09.000Z",
  "title": "Scaling Relations in Coronal Mass Ejections and Energetic Proton Events associated with Solar Superflares",
  "authors": [
    "Takuya Takahashi",
    "Yoshiyuki Mizuno",
    "Kazunari Shibata"
  ],
  "comment": "17 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters",
  "categories": [
    "astro-ph.SR",
    "astro-ph.EP"
  ],
  "abstract": "In order to discuss the potential impact of solar 'superflares' on space weather, we investigated statistical relations among energetic proton peak flux with energy higher than $ 10 \\rm MeV$ ($F_p$), CME speed near the Sun ($V_{CME}$) obtained by {\\it SOHO}/LASCO coronagraph and flare soft X-ray peak flux in 1-8\\AA band ($F_{SXR}$) during 110 major solar proton events (SPEs) recorded from 1996 to 2014. The linear regression fit results in the scaling relations $V_{CME} \\propto F_{SXR}^\\alpha$, $F_p\\propto F_{SXR}^\\beta$ and $F_p\\propto V_{CME}^\\gamma$ with $\\alpha = 0.30\\pm 0.04$, $\\beta = 1.19 \\pm 0.08$ and $\\gamma = 4.35 \\pm 0.50$, respectively. On the basis of simple physical assumptions, on the other hand, we derive scaling relations expressing CME mass ($M_{CME}$), CME speed and energetic proton flux in terms of total flare energy ($E_{flare}$) as, $M_{CME}\\propto E_{flare}^{2/3}$, $V_{CME}\\propto E_{flare}^{1/6}$ and $F_{p}\\propto E_{flare}^{5/6}\\propto V_{CME}^5$, respectively. We then combine the derived scaling relations with observation, and estimated the upper limit of $V_{CME}$ and $F_p$ to be associated with possible solar superflares.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2016-11-18T09:23:09.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "coronal mass ejections",
      "energetic proton events",
      "solar superflares",
      "relations expressing cme mass",
      "scaling relations expressing cme"
    ],
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 17,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable"
    }
  }
}