{
  "id": "1604.07882",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2016-04-26T22:54:44.000Z",
  "updated": "2016-04-26T22:54:44.000Z",
  "title": "Do massive neutron stars end as invisible dark energy objects?",
  "authors": [
    "A. A. Hujeirat"
  ],
  "comment": "8 pages, 9 figures, Research article",
  "categories": [
    "astro-ph.HE"
  ],
  "abstract": "Astronomical observations reveal a gap in the mass spectrum of relativistic objects: neither black holes nor neutron stars having masses in the range of 2 - 5$\\,\\MSun$ have ever been observed. Based on the solution of the TOV equation modified to include a universal scalar field $\\cal{H},$ we argue that all moderate and massive neutron stars should end invisible dark energy objects (DEOs). Triggered by the $\\cal{H}-$baryonic matter interaction, a phase transition from normal compressible nuclear matter into an incompressible quark-superfluid is shown to occur at roughly $3$ times the nuclear density. At the transition front, the scalar field is set to inject energy at the maximum possible rate via a non-local interaction potential $V_\\phi = a_0 r^2 + b_0.$ This energy creates a global confining bag, inside which a sea of freely moving quarks is formed in line with the asymptotic freedom of quantum chromodynamics. The transition front, $r_f,$ creeps from inside-to-outside to reach the surface of the object on the scale of Gyrs or even shorter, depending on its initial compactness. Having $r_f$ reached $R_\\star,$ then the total injected dark energy via $V_\\phi $ turns NSs into invisible DEOs. While this may provide an explanation for the absence of stellar BHs with $M_{BH}\\leq 5 \\MSun$ and NSs with $M_{NS}\\geq 2 \\MSun$, it also suggests that DEOs might have hidden connection to dark matter and dark energy in cosmology.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2016-04-26T22:54:44.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "massive neutron stars end",
      "scalar field",
      "end invisible dark energy objects",
      "transition front",
      "baryonic matter interaction"
    ],
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 8,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable",
      "inspire": 1452654
    }
  }
}