{
  "id": "1302.2633",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2013-02-11T21:01:04.000Z",
  "updated": "2013-02-11T21:01:04.000Z",
  "title": "An outburst from a massive star 40 days before a supernova explosion",
  "authors": [
    "E. O. Ofek",
    "M. Sullivan",
    "S. B. Cenko",
    "M. M. Kasliwal",
    "A. Gal-Yam",
    "S. R. Kulkarni",
    "I. Arcavi",
    "L. Bildsten",
    "J. S. Bloom",
    "A. Horesh",
    "D. A. Howell",
    "A. V. Filippenko",
    "R. Laher",
    "D. Murray",
    "E. Nakar",
    "P. E. Nugent",
    "J. M. Silverman",
    "N. J. Shaviv",
    "J. Surace",
    "O. Yaron"
  ],
  "comment": "Nature 494, 65, including supplementary information",
  "journal": "Ofek et al. 2013 Nature, 494, 65",
  "categories": [
    "astro-ph.HE"
  ],
  "abstract": "Various lines of evidence suggest that very massive stars experience extreme mass-loss episodes shortly before they explode as a supernova. Interestingly, several models predict such pre-explosion outbursts. Establishing a causal connection between these mass-loss episodes and the final supernova explosion will provide a novel way to study pre-supernova massive-star evolution. Here we report on observations of a remarkable mass-loss event detected 40 days prior to the explosion of the Type IIn supernova SN 2010mc (PTF 10tel). Our photometric and spectroscopic data suggest that this event is a result of an energetic outburst, radiating at least 6x10^47 erg of energy, and releasing about 0.01 Solar mass at typical velocities of 2000 km/s. We show that the temporal proximity of the mass-loss outburst and the supernova explosion implies a causal connection between them. Moreover, we find that the outburst luminosity and velocity are consistent with the predictions of the wave-driven pulsation model and disfavor alternative suggestions.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2013-02-11T21:01:04.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "supernova explosion",
      "massive star",
      "stars experience extreme mass-loss episodes",
      "type iin supernova sn 2010mc"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "journal article"
    ],
    "publication": {
      "doi": "10.1038/nature11877",
      "journal": "Nature",
      "year": 2013,
      "month": "Feb",
      "volume": 494,
      "number": 7435,
      "pages": 65
    },
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 0,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable",
      "inspire": 1218944,
      "adsabs": "2013Natur.494...65O"
    }
  }
}