{
  "id": "1301.4264",
  "version": "v2",
  "published": "2013-01-17T22:34:12.000Z",
  "updated": "2013-01-22T15:32:42.000Z",
  "title": "Innocent Bystanders: Carbon Stars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey",
  "authors": [
    "Paul J. Green"
  ],
  "comment": "42 pages, 11pt preprint; accepted for ApJ January 15, 2013. Full data tables for main sample and DQ sample included",
  "categories": [
    "astro-ph.SR"
  ],
  "abstract": "Among stars showing carbon molecular bands (C stars), the main sequence dwarfs, likely in post-mass transfer binaries, are numerically dominant in the Galaxy. Via spectroscopic selection from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we retrieve 1220 C stars, ~5 times more than previously known, including a wider variety than past techniques such as color or grism selection have netted, and additionally yielding 167 DQ white dwarfs. Of the C stars with proper motion measurements, we identify 69% as clearly dwarfs (dCs), while ~7% are giants. The dCs likely span absolute magnitudes M_i from ~6.5 to 10.5. \"G-type\" dC stars with weak CN and relatively blue colors are probably the most massive dCs still cool enough to show C_2 bands. We report Balmer emission in 22 dCs, none of which are G-types. We find 8 new DA/dC stars in composite spectrum binaries, quadrupling the total sample of these \"smoking guns\" for AGB binary mass transfer. Eleven very red C stars with strong red CN bands appear to be \"N\"-type AGB stars at large Galactocentric distances, one likely a new discovery in the dIrr galaxy Leo A. Two such stars within 30arcmin of each other may trace a previously unidentified dwarf galaxy or tidal stream at ~40 kpc. We explore the multiwavelength properties of the sample and report the first X-ray detection of a dC star, which shows strong Balmer emission. Our own spectroscopic survey additionally provides the dC surface density from a complete sample of dwarfs limited by magnitude, color, and proper-motion.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v2",
      "updated": "2013-01-22T15:32:42.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "sloan digital sky survey",
      "carbon stars",
      "innocent bystanders",
      "showing carbon molecular bands",
      "red cn bands appear"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "journal article"
    ],
    "publication": {
      "doi": "10.1088/0004-637X/765/1/12",
      "journal": "The Astrophysical Journal",
      "year": 2013,
      "month": "Mar",
      "volume": 765,
      "number": 1,
      "pages": 12
    },
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 42,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable",
      "inspire": 1215044,
      "adsabs": "2013ApJ...765...12G"
    }
  }
}