{
  "id": "1301.1975",
  "version": "v3",
  "published": "2013-01-09T21:00:01.000Z",
  "updated": "2013-08-23T09:50:07.000Z",
  "title": "The death of massive stars - II. Observational constraints on the progenitors of type Ibc supernovae",
  "authors": [
    "John J. Eldridge",
    "Morgan Fraser",
    "Stephen J. Smartt",
    "Justyn R. Maund",
    "R. Mark Crockett"
  ],
  "comment": "Accepted by MNRAS. 31 pages, 12 figures, 8 tables",
  "categories": [
    "astro-ph.SR",
    "astro-ph.CO"
  ],
  "abstract": "The progenitors of many type II core-collapse supernovae have now been identified directly on pre-discovery imaging. Here we present an extensive search for the progenitors of type Ibc supernovae in all available pre-discovery imaging since 1998. There are 12 type Ibc supernovae with no detections of progenitors in either deep ground-based or Hubble Space Telescope archival imaging. The deepest absolute BVR magnitude limits are between -4 and -5. We compare these limits with the observed Wolf-Rayet population in the Large Magellanic Cloud and estimate a 16 per cent probability we have failed to detect such a progenitor by chance. Alternatively the progenitors evolve significantly before core-collapse or we have underestimated the extinction towards the progenitors. Reviewing the relative rates and ejecta mass estimates from lightcurve modelling of Ibc SNe, we find both incompatible with Wolf-Rayet stars with initial masses >25Msun being the only progenitors. We present binary evolution models that fit these observational constraints. Stars in binaries with initial masses <20Msun lose their hydrogen envelopes in binary interactions to become low mass helium stars. They retain a low mass hydrogen envelope until approximately 10,000 years before core-collapse; hence it is not surprising that galactic analogues have been difficult to identify.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v3",
      "updated": "2013-08-23T09:50:07.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "type ibc supernovae",
      "progenitor",
      "observational constraints",
      "massive stars",
      "space telescope archival imaging"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "journal article"
    ],
    "publication": {
      "doi": "10.1093/mnras/stt1612",
      "journal": "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",
      "year": 2013,
      "month": "Nov",
      "volume": 436,
      "number": 1,
      "pages": 774
    },
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 31,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable",
      "inspire": 1209979,
      "adsabs": "2013MNRAS.436..774E"
    }
  }
}