{
  "id": "1208.4097",
  "version": "v2",
  "published": "2012-08-20T20:00:00.000Z",
  "updated": "2012-08-22T18:36:37.000Z",
  "title": "There are no starless massive proto-clusters in the first quadrant of the Galaxy",
  "authors": [
    "A. Ginsburg",
    "E. Bressert",
    "J. Bally",
    "C. Battersby"
  ],
  "comment": "Accepted to ApJL. See also Bressert et al 2012, http://arxiv.org/abs/1208.3472",
  "categories": [
    "astro-ph.GA"
  ],
  "abstract": "We search the lambda = 1.1 mm Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey for clumps containing sufficient mass to form ~10^4 M\\odot star clusters. 18 candidate massive proto-clusters are identified in the first Galactic quadrant outside of the central kiloparsec. This sample is complete to clumps with mass M(clump) > 10^4 M_sun and radius r < 2.5 pc. The overall Galactic massive cluster formation rate is CFR(M_cluster > 10^4) ~ 5 Myr^-1, which is in agreement with the rates inferred from Galactic open clusters and M31 massive clusters. We find that all massive proto-clusters in the first quadrant are actively forming massive stars and place an upper limit of t_starless < 0.5 Myr on the lifetime of the starless phase of massive cluster formation. If massive clusters go through a starless phase with all of their mass in a single clump, the lifetime of this phase is very short.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v2",
      "updated": "2012-08-22T18:36:37.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "first quadrant",
      "starless massive proto-clusters",
      "mm bolocam galactic plane survey",
      "massive cluster",
      "first galactic quadrant outside"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "journal article"
    ],
    "publication": {
      "doi": "10.1088/2041-8205/758/2/L29",
      "journal": "The Astrophysical Journal",
      "year": 2012,
      "month": "Oct",
      "volume": 758,
      "number": 2
    },
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 0,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable",
      "adsabs": "2012ApJ...758L..29G",
      "inspire": 1128407
    }
  }
}