{
  "id": "0908.1109",
  "version": "v2",
  "published": "2009-08-07T20:00:03.000Z",
  "updated": "2009-08-27T19:56:01.000Z",
  "title": "Kinematics at the Edge of the Galactic Bulge: Evidence for Cylindrical Rotation",
  "authors": [
    "Christian D. Howard",
    "R. Michael Rich",
    "Will Clarkson",
    "Ryan Mallery",
    "John Kormendy",
    "Roberto De Propris",
    "Annie C. Robin",
    "Roger Fux",
    "David B. Reitzel",
    "HongSheng Zhao",
    "Konrad Kuijken",
    "Andreas Koch"
  ],
  "comment": "6 pages, 5 figures Received 2009 May 2; accepted 2009 August 6; published 2009 August 24 in ApJ Letters Revision: Added author A. Koch, corrected citation to Rangwala et al. 2009, clarified citations to Rich et al 2007a,b, removed uncited references",
  "journal": "Astrophysical Journal Letters 702 (2009) L153-L157",
  "doi": "10.1088/0004-637X/702/2/L153",
  "categories": [
    "astro-ph.GA"
  ],
  "abstract": "We present new results from BRAVA, a large scale radial velocity survey of the Galactic bulge, using M giant stars selected from the Two Micron All Sky Survey catalogue as targets for the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory 4m Hydra multi-object spectrograph. The purpose of this survey is to construct a new generation of self-consistent bar models that conform to these observations. We report the dynamics for fields at the edge of the Galactic bulge at latitudes b=-8 deg. and compare to the dynamics at b=-4 deg. We find that the rotation curve V(r) is the same at b=-8 deg. as at b=-4 deg. That is, the Galactic boxy bulge rotates cylindrically, as do boxy bulges of other galaxies. The summed line of sight velocity distribution at b=-8 deg. is Gaussian, and the binned longitude-velocity plot shows no evidence for either a (disk) population with cold dynamics or for a (classical bulge) population with hot dynamics. The observed kinematics are well modeled by an edge-on N-body bar, in agreement with published structural evidence. Our kinematic observations indicate that the Galactic bulge is a prototypical product of secular evolution in galaxy disks, in contrast with stellar population results that are most easily understood if major mergers were the dominant formation process.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v2",
      "updated": "2009-08-27T19:56:01.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "galactic bulge",
      "observatory 4m hydra multi-object",
      "inter-american observatory 4m hydra",
      "4m hydra multi-object spectrograph",
      "scale radial velocity survey"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "journal article"
    ],
    "publication": {
      "journal": "The Astrophysical Journal",
      "year": 2009,
      "month": "Sep",
      "volume": 702,
      "number": 2
    },
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 6,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable",
      "inspire": 828111,
      "adsabs": "2009ApJ...702L.153H"
    }
  }
}