{
  "id": "0705.1185",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2007-05-08T22:57:17.000Z",
  "updated": "2007-05-08T22:57:17.000Z",
  "title": "Observation of Landau levels of Dirac fermions in graphite",
  "authors": [
    "Guohong Li",
    "Eva Y. Andrei"
  ],
  "comment": "14 pages, 4 figures. to appear in Nature Physics",
  "journal": "Nature Physics, 3, 623 (2007)",
  "categories": [
    "cond-mat.mes-hall"
  ],
  "abstract": "The low energy electronic excitations in single layer and bilayer graphite (graphene) resemble quantum-relativistic particles also known as Dirac Fermions (DF). They possess an internal degree of freedom, chirality, that leads to unusual Landau Level (LL) energy sequences in a magnetic field and profoundly alters the magneto-transport properties. One of the consequences is an anomalous Quantum-Hall effect, recently detected in both single layer and bi-layer graphene. However the underlying cause, the unusual LL sequence, was never observed. Here we report the direct observation of LL of DF by means of low temperature Scanning-Tunnelling-Spectroscopy (STS) on the surface of graphite in fields up to 12 Tesla. We find evidence of coexistence of massless and massive DF, and identify the zero-energy LL which is a unique consequence of their quantum-relativistic nature. Surprisingly these strictly two-dimensional properties emerge even on bulk graphite in samples where the interlayer coupling is weak.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2007-05-08T22:57:17.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "dirac fermions",
      "observation",
      "low energy electronic excitations",
      "single layer",
      "unusual landau level"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "journal article"
    ],
    "publication": {
      "doi": "10.1038/nphys653",
      "journal": "Nature Physics",
      "year": 2007,
      "month": "Sep",
      "volume": 3,
      "number": 9,
      "pages": 623
    },
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 14,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable",
      "adsabs": "2007NatPh...3..623L"
    }
  }
}